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Science & Research

Kreatin HCl pobedio monohidrat kod fudbalskih igrača — ne bacajte svoj još

Dr. Gymbro · · 3 min read

Jeftini paketić kreatin monohidrata u vašoj ostavi upravo je izgubio direktan test protiv skupljih, trendovskih rođaka. Ali pre nego što dopunite zalihu, pročitajte sitni print – ova studija ima ozbiljna ograničenja, a rezultat ide protiv ranijih nalaza.

Šta su istraživači zaista testirali

Tim iz Odeljenja za sportsku nauku na Medicinskom univerzitetu u Wenzhouu (Kina), na čelu sa Duanom, objavio je randomizovani, placebom kontrolisani eksperiment u Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2026. U studiji je učestvovalo 40 muških koledž fudbalera, podeljenih u četiri paralelne grupe po 10:

  • Kreatin monohidrat (Cr‑Mon)
  • Kreatin etil‑ester (Cr‑Ee)
  • Kreatin hidrohlorid (Cr‑HCl)
  • Placebo

Svi su proveli istu četvoronedeljnu fazu pripremnog treninga ponavljajućih sprintova, po tri sesije nedeljno, ukupno 12 sesija. Pre i posle treninga igrači su testirani na:

  • kontramovement vertikalni skok (CMVJ)
  • 20‑m sprint
  • L‑run test agilnosti
  • Wingate anaerobni test snage (maksimalna snaga, prosečna snaga i indeks umora)
  • inkrementalni test VO₂max.

Glavni rezultat: „fensi“ forme su prešle granicu

Prvo, ništa iznenađujuće. Sve grupe su napredovale, uključujući i placebo – što je očekivano nakon meseca strukturiranog sprint treninga. Grupi sa kreatinom, međutim, su zabeležile značajno veće poboljšanje u fizičkom učinku, maksimalnoj snazi i indeksu umora (p = 0.001).

Zatim dolazi preokret. Prema apstraktu, etil‑ester i HCl forme su ostvarile superiornije dobitke (p < 0.05) u fizičkom učinku i maksimalnoj snazi u poređenju sa monohidratom. Autori posebno ističu CMVJ, 20‑m sprint, L‑run i maksimalnu snagu kao oblasti u kojima su Cr‑Ee i Cr‑HCl stekli dodatnu prednost.

Dakle, u ovom eksperimentu skupe i marketinški naglašene forme nisu samo dostigle monohidrat – one su ga i nadmašile u eksplozivnim, kratkotrajnim merama koje su najvažnije u fudbalu.

Gde forme NISU pokazale razlike

Apstrakt ne prijavljuje značajne razlike među grupama po prosečnoj snazi niti po VO₂max. To je u skladu sa uobičajenom slikom kreatina kao sredstva za kratke, intenzivne napore – podupire napore zavisne od fosfokreatina, poput sprintova i skokova, a ne aeroban kapacitet.

Zašto još ne treba odustati od monohidrata

Grupe su bile male. Sa po 10 sportista po grupi, pojedinačni učesnici mogu značajno da pomere proseke. Mali uzorci su dobri za generisanje hipoteza, a loši za definitivan zaključak.

Četiri nedelje su kratko. Ništa u studiji ne govori o dugoročnoj izvedbi, zdravstvenim markerima ili o tome kako se forme ponašaju tokom cele sezone.

Uzorak je uski. Svi učesnici su mladi, muški, koledž fudbaleri. Rezultati možda neće važiti za žene, starije osobe, druge sportove ili rekreativce.

Apstrakt ne izveštava o mišićnom kreatinu. Bez direktnog merenja sadržaja kreatina u mišiću ne možemo da znamo da li su novije forme zaista podigle zalihe kreatina ili nešto drugo objašnjava razliku. Takođe, doze nisu navedene, pa ne možemo pretpostaviti da su grupe izjednačene po sadržaju kreatina.

Suprotnost ranijim radovima. Poznata studija iz 2009. od Spillane i saradnika pokazala je da kreatin etil‑ester nije bolji od monohidrata po telesnoj kompoziciji i performansama, te da je povezan sa višim serumskim kreatininom. Jedan novi pokušaj ne poništava to, a dva nalaza je teško pomiriti bez dodatnih podataka.

Monohidrat i dalje ima prednost dokaza. To je najistraživaniji oblik kreatina, široko dostupan i obično najjeftiniji. Forma može da ga nadmaši u jednom malom pokušaju i ipak ne biti najbolja investicija.

Autori ne navode sukobe interesa, što je ohrabrujuće, ali to ne otklanja metodološka ograničenja.

Praktični zaključci

Doza: Apstrakt ne navodi doze za svaku formu, pa nemojte prepisivati protokol iz ovog rada. Ako koristite monohidrat, sledite uputstva sa pouzdane etikete ili savete kvalifikovanog sportskog dijetetičara. Ako probate HCl, pratite uputstva na etiketi tog proizvoda.

Vreme uzimanja: Studija je primenjivala dnevnu suplementaciju tokom 4‑nedeljnog treninga sprintova, tri sesije nedeljno. Apstrakt ne navodi kada je suplement uziman tokom dana, a efekat kreatina zavisi više od doslednosti nego od tačnog časa.

Ko može imati koristi: Sportisti koji žele da povećaju kapacitet sprinta, skoka i agilnosti, naročito u fazi predsezone. Oni kojima monohidrat izaziva nelagodnost u stomaku mogu razmotriti HCl, iako ova studija nije ispitala toleranciju – to je praktično razmatranje, a ne rezultat.

Ko treba biti oprezan ili izbegavati: Ljudi sa bubrežnim bolestima ili drugim medicinskim problemima, oni koji uzimaju lekove, i svi mlađi od 18 godina treba da se najpre konsultuju sa lekarom. Etil‑ester zahteva dodatnu pažnju zbog prethodnog nalaza o povezanom porastu kreatinina.

Ako ste zadovoljni rezultatima uz monohidrat, nema jakog razloga da menjate suplementaciju na osnovu ovog ograničenog dokaza.

Zaključak

Ovaj pokušaj predstavlja stvarno zanimljiv signal da kreatin HCl i etil‑ester mogu pružiti prednost u skokovima, sprintovima, agilnosti i maksimalnoj snazi tokom kratkog, intenzivnog treninga. Ali 40 sportista, 4 nedelje i nedostatak informacija o doziranju čine ga podsticajem za dalja istraživanja, a ne razlogom da bacite monohidrat. Dok veće, duže studije s merenjem mišićnog kreatina ne potvrde ovo, monohidrat ostaje dokazano, pristupačno rešenje, a HCl ostaje intrigantna varijanta kojoj treba posvetiti dodatnu pažnju.

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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