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Surutka, grašak ili jaje? 51 studija rangirala koji protein najviše podstiče sintezu mišića posle dizanja

Coach Ryan · · 4 min read

Veliko otkriće

Mogli biste očekivati da će u direktnoj borbi između surutke, graška i jaja izabrati jasan pobednik. To nije bio slučaj, a razlog je zanimljiviji od običnog rangiranja.

Tim sa Univerziteta u Beču prikupio je 51 studiju zasnovanu na tracer metodama kako bi uporedio kako različiti izvori proteina stimulišu sintezu mišićnih proteina (MPS) nakon treninga otpora. Više proteina, kako životinjskih, tako i biljnih, sletelo je jedan do drugog. Ipak, samo jedan – standardna surutka – pokazao je statistički značajan efekat.

Kako je studija sprovedena

Rad, objavljen u Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2026), predstavlja sistematski pregled uz upotrebu mrežne meta‑analize (NMA). Ova metodologija omogućava istraživačima da uporede tretmane koji nikada nisu testirani direktno, povezujući ih kroz zajedničke komparatore.

  • Pretrage: PubMed, EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL) i Scopus.
  • Učesnici: zdravi odrasli, starosti 18 i više godina.
  • Protok: akutna sesija vežbanja otpora praćena jednim unosom proteina, bez dodatnog obroka između.
  • Merenje: mišićne biopsije pre i posle, a stopa MPS je merena tracer tehnikama u satnim intervalima.
  • Isključenja: mešavine proteina i proizvodi obogaćeni drugim anaboličkim agensima.
  • Uzorak: u analizu je ušlo 51 studija koje su ispunile kriterijume.

Autori nisu prijavili sukobe interesa.

Tabelarni rang

Proteini su rangirani prema P‑score‑u, vrednosti od 0 do 1 koja odražava procenjenu verovatnoću visokog rangiranja za post‑trening satni MPS:

Protein P‑score Srednja razlika (%/h)
Native whey 0.81 0.05 [0.00; 0.10]
Grašak 0.77 0.05 [-0.02; 0.11]
Celo jaje 0.72 0.04 [-0.01; 0.09]
Mikoprotein 0.66 0.03 [-0.02; 0.08]
Surutka 0.58 0.02 [0.01; 0.04]

Uverljivost dokaza ocenjena je kao nisko do umereno.

Zašto je najniže rangirani protein jedini “signifikantan”

Ovo je iznenađenje. Standardna surutka je rangirana poslednja, ali je jedina čiji je interval poverenja izvan nule (0.01‑0.04). Native whey, grašak, jaje i mikoprotein imaju veće P‑score‑ove, ali su njihovi intervali dovoljno široki da obuhvate nulu ili joj se dodiruju.

Verovatno objašnjenje je statistička preciznost, a ne superiorna biologija. Surutka se proučava neprekidno, pa su njeni podaci usko definisani. Grašak i mikoprotein su predstavljeni daleko manjim brojem studija, pa su njihove procene „maglovite“. Autori to jasno ističu: izvori podržani od malo studija treba da se tumače sa oprezom.

P‑score pokazuje rang, a ne veličinu efekta. Rang od 0.77 za grašak ne znači da je grašak dokazan, već da se, s obzirom na dostupne podatke, često pojavljuje među najboljima.

Optimalna doza: 18‑25 g

Analiza doza‑odgovor otkrila je da su najviši predviđeni MPS odgovori kod 18‑25 g za native whey, celo jaje, grašak i mikoprotein. I životinjski i biljni izvori pojavili su se u tom rasponu, što sugeriše da doza može biti podjednako važna kao i izvor za akutni odgovor.

Šta ovo znači za vas

Doza: ciljajte oko 18‑25 g proteina u post‑trening obroku. To je zona gde je model predvideo vrh MPS za najbolje izvore.

Vreme: studije su testirale jedinstveni unos odmah posle otpora. Rad podržava post‑trening unos, ali ne definiše tačan „anabolički prozor“, pa se ne opterećujte minutama.

  • Vežbači koji podnose mlečne proizvode: surutka ima najstatistički čvršće dokaze.
  • Vežbači na biljnoj ishrani ili oni koji izbegavaju mlečne proizvode: grašak i mikoprotein izgledaju konkurentno po rangiranju i dozi, što je ohrabrujuće, iako su dokazi tanji.
  • Ljubitelji jaja: celo jaje rangirano je treće i spada u isti dozni opseg.

Ko treba da bude oprezan:

  • Svako ko ima alergiju na mleko, jaja ili grašak treba da izbegne taj izvor.
  • Osobe sa bubrežnim bolestima ili drugim medicinskim stanjima koja utiču na unos proteina trebaju da se posavetuju s lekarom pre promene unosa.
  • Ko očekuje da će ovaj rad opravdati određeni brend ili mešavinu – mešavine su izuzete, pa višestruki biljni izvori (npr. grašak + pirinač) nisu evaluirani.

Važna ograničenja

  • Akutni MPS nije isto što i rast mišića. Ove studije su merile kratkoročne stope sinteze proteina, a ne dugoročni trening tokom meseci. Viši MPS u par sati ne garantuje veći mišićni ili snaga tokom vremena, jer na to utiču ukupni dnevni unos proteina, kvalitet treninga, kalorijski balans i oporavak.
  • Razlike su male. Srednje razlike su se kretale od 0.02 do 0.05 procentnih poena po satu. To je statistički merljivo, ali ne nužno značajno u praksi.
  • Kvalitet dokaza je skroman. Niska do umerena uverljivost znači da buduće studije mogu promeniti rangiranje, naročito za manje istraživane proteine.

Zaključak

Ni jedan protein nije srušio surutku, ali nijedan nije i odbačen. Surutka je jedini izvor sa statistički značajnim efektom u ovoj analizi, dok grašak, mikoprotein i celo jaje predstavljaju kredibilne alternative koje zahtevaju dodatna istraživanja. Ako želite jednostavan plan, uzmite 18‑25 g proteina posle treninga iz izvora koji podnosite i volite, i vodite računa o ukupnom dnevnom unosu proteina i konzistentnom treningu – oni su ključni za dugoročne dobitke.

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

CR

Written by

Coach Ryan

Coach Ryan writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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