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Nutrition

磷虾油在隔日禁食中将肌肉流失降低至原来的六分之一

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

磷虾油在隔日禁食中将肌肉流失降低至原来的六分之一

快速减重常伴随一定程度的肌肉流失。 最近发表在《Obesity》期刊上的一项随机、安慰剂对照试验表明,磷虾油胶囊或许能够减缓这种流失。两组的体重下降幅度相同,但磷虾油组几乎保留了全部的无脂体重,而安慰剂组则出现明显下降。

该结果虽令人鼓舞,但研究规模较小且胶囊中含有多种活性成分。下面列出研究的主要发现以及对个人减脂计划的可能意义。

研究概览

格拉斯哥大学的研究者开展了一项随机、安慰剂对照的临床试验(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06001632),招募了超重或肥胖的成年人。所有受试者均遵循 8 周的隔日禁食(ADF),并每日服用四粒磷虾油或等量的植物油胶囊作为安慰剂。

  • 完成者: 41 名(女性 25 人,男性 16 人)
  • 年龄: 39 ± 10 岁
  • BMI: 31.1 ± 4.2 kg/m²
  • 评估指标: 体重、无脂体重(FFM)以及握力(HGS),在干预前后进行比较

该试验于 2025 年由 Alblaji、Gray、Almesbehi、Morrison 与 Malkova 等人发表,作者声明无利益冲突。

胶囊成分

每粒磷虾油胶囊含有 191 mg EPA、94 mg DHA、78 mg 胆碱以及 100 µg 虾青素。每日服用四粒时的总摄入量为:

  • EPA: 764 mg
  • DHA: 376 mg
  • 胆碱: 312 mg
  • 虾青素: 400 µg

需要强调的是,磷虾油是一个复合体系:磷脂结合的 omega‑3、胆碱以及抗氧化的虾青素。研究并未区分是哪一种或哪些成分产生了效果。虽然常被简化为“omega‑3”,本试验实际上测试的是整粒胶囊。

数据对比:体重下降相当,肌肉指标却大相径庭

体重下降几乎相同。 磷虾油组减重 4.6 ± 1.4 kg,安慰剂组减重 4.5 ± 1.9 kg,差异不具统计学意义。

无脂体重却呈现截然不同的趋势:

  • 磷虾油组:‑0.2 ± 0.9 kg(统计上不显著)
  • 安慰剂组:‑1.2 ± 2.0 kg(p < 0.05,显著下降)

这相当于约 1 kg 瘦组织的差异。平均来看,安慰剂组的无脂体重流失是磷虾油组的 5‑6 倍,且组间差异具有统计学意义。

握力也呈现同样的模式:

  • 磷虾油组:‑0.2 ± 0.5 kg(无显著变化)
  • 安慰剂组:‑0.9 ± 0.7 kg(p < 0.05,显著下降)

组间差异同样显著(p < 0.05)。握力是评估肌肉功能的简易指标,虽不等同于深蹲或卧推的表现,但足以反映肌肉状态的变化。

脂肪减掉是否相同?

原始报告仅给出总体重下降数据,未直接报告脂肪质量。由于总体重相同且磷虾油组的无脂体重下降更少,理论上可以推断磷虾油组的脂肪减掉至少与安慰剂组持平。该推断并非研究的主要结论,且无脂体重的测量方法会影响精确度。换句话说,“相同脂肪减掉” 只意味着在相同的体重下降中,磷虾油组的非瘦组织比例更高。

必须重视的局限性

  • 样本量小。 仅有 41 名完成者,安慰剂组的无脂体重波动大(± 2.0 kg),个体差异显著。
  • 干预时间短。 8 周不足以判断长期肌肉或力量的维持情况。
  • 成分捆绑。 胶囊中除 EPA/DHA 外还有虾青素和胆碱,效果不能单纯归因于 omega‑3。
  • 受试人群为超重健康成人。 结果未必适用于瘦体运动员、老年人或有基础疾病的人群。
  • 仅有一项试验。 需要更大样本、加入阻力训练控制的重复研究来验证。

对你的实际意义

可能适用的人群

  • 正在进行大幅热量赤字、担心瘦组织流失的人
  • 采用隔日禁食或其他间歇性禁食方案的用户(本试验的实验环境)

研究使用的剂量

每日四粒胶囊,提供约 764 mg EPA、376 mg DHA、312 mg 胆碱和 400 µg 虾青素,持续 8 周。请核对所购产品的标签,因为磷虾油胶囊的浓度差异较大。关键是匹配每日总量,而非胶囊颗数。

服用时间

原文未说明胶囊的具体服用时点,也未区分禁食日或进食日。一般而言,脂溶性补剂建议随餐服用;若遵循 ADF 方案,可选择在“进食日”随餐服用。此为实用建议,并非研究结论。

谁需要谨慎或避免使用

  • 贝类/甲壳类过敏者: 磷虾属于甲壳类,需避免。
  • 使用抗凝药或有出血倾向者: 高剂量 omega‑3 可能影响凝血功能,需先咨询医生。
  • 孕妇、哺乳期妇女或慢性疾病患者: 服用前请获取专业医疗建议。
  • 期待“一键”解决方案的人: 这并不能替代足够的蛋白质摄入、阻力训练或合理的热量赤字。

总结

在为期 8 周的随机对照试验中,磷虾油未改变隔日禁食下的体重下降幅度,但似乎保护了瘦组织(‑0.2 kg 对比 ‑1.2 kg)和握力(‑0.2 kg 对比 ‑0.9 kg)。对任何严苛的减脂计划者来说,这都是一个值得关注的信号。不过,由于样本仅有 41 人且胶囊中含多种活性成分,仍应视为“有潜力的线索”,而非定论。若决定尝试,请同时保证充足的蛋白质摄入和力量训练,因为它们仍是防止节食期间肌肉流失的最可靠手段。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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