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Nutrition

快速减重损伤肠道:益生菌可降低肠道渗漏标志物

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

快速减重损伤肠道:益生菌可降低肠道渗漏标志物

任何曾为比赛减重的选手都懂这套流程:限制饮食、控制液体摄入、加强训练,胃肠往往会在最不合时宜的时刻“闹情绪”。近期发表在 Frontiers in Nutrition(Wang 等,2026)的随机对照试验提示,益生菌可能在此过程中为肠道提供一定保护。结果看上去颇具前景,但研究规模偏小且存在明显局限性。

研究评估了哪些内容

研究者招募了 24 名正处于赛前快速减重阶段的精英男性格斗运动员,随机分为两组:

  • 益生菌组:每日两次服用 1.5 × 10^10 CFU 的复合运动益生菌;
  • 安慰剂组:服用不含活菌的对照剂。

干预持续 4 周。该试验已在中国临床试验注册中心登记(ChiCTR2400079908),为研究的透明度加分。

为什么快速减重会伤害肠道

快速减重对消化系统的冲击来自多方面:能量摄入不足、脱水、饮食结构改变、高强度训练以及心理焦虑。这些因素共同削弱肠道屏障——本应阻止肠腔内容物泄漏入血的薄薄黏膜层。屏障受损时,人会出现胀气、痉挛、恶心、腹泻以及轻度炎症反应。对需要靠体重上场、且要发挥最佳水平的运动员来说,这显然是个极其不利的组合。

益生菌带来了哪些变化

根据论文摘要,益生菌组在多个方面优于安慰剂组:

症状

  • 胃肠不适显著下降。

肠道渗漏指标

  • Zonulin(调节紧密连接的蛋白)水平下降;
  • 肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(I‑FABP,肠上皮细胞损伤标志)下降;
  • D‑乳酸(细菌代谢产物,屏障受损时可进入血液)下降。

免疫与炎症指标

  • 分泌性 IgA(SIgA,黏膜防御的核心抗体)水平升高;
  • 系统性炎症水平相对降低。

微生物组变化

  • 产丁酸菌群(如 Blautia、Latilactobacillus)丰度上升;
  • 潜在致病的 Streptococcus 被抑制。

丁酸是一种短链脂肪酸,为结肠上皮细胞提供能量并维护屏障完整性,上述菌群变化与生化指标的改善相呼应。

为何这些结果更具说服力

本研究的优势在于多项结局指标呈现一致的方向:症状改善、三种渗漏/损伤标志物同步下降、黏膜免疫提升、炎症减轻,并伴随有益菌群的增加。这种“多点共振”比单一指标的变化更具说服力。

必须面对的局限性

这并不意味着益生菌可以成为万灵药,需要牢记以下限制:

  • 样本量小:仅 24 名运动员,结果需在更大规模人群中重复验证;
  • 仅限男性、精英选手:女性、业余或其他分量级运动的适用性尚未明确;
  • 多菌株配方:摘要只提到是复合运动益生菌,未列出具体菌株;文中观察到的菌群改变(Blautia、Latilactobacillus)是受菌群生态影响的结果,并不一定代表胶囊内实际含有的菌种;换用其他产品未必能得到相同效果;
  • 未报告运动表现:只测量了肠道与免疫指标,未涉及比赛成绩、力量输出或称重成功率,肠道改善不一定转化为竞技提升;
  • 生物标志物的局限:Zonulin 等虽是有价值的指示剂,但并不等同于临床疗效的直接证明。

作者将该方案归为“安全、有效的营养策略”,在本研究人群与时段下合理,但仍属于小样本的初步结论。

实际应用建议

如果你是格斗选手或其他分量级运动员,可参考以下思路:

  • 剂量参考:每日两次,总计 1.5 × 10^10 CFU(具体是单次剂量还是每日总量请核对产品标签);
  • 使用时机:试验在赛前减重的 4 周内进行,最接近的做法是从减重前约 4 周就开始服用,切忌临赛周才临时“加装”。
  • 适用人群:拳击、MMA、摔跤、柔道等需要减重的格斗类运动员以及其他分量级项目,在减重期间出现胃肠不适的选手;
  • 先行咨询:免疫功能低下、已有胃肠疾病或在队医监管下的运动员应先与临床医生或运动营养师沟通;
  • 提前试用:切勿在比赛周才尝试新补剂,最好在训练营期间先行试用,确认耐受性后再正式使用。

关键要点

  • 4 周的多菌株益生菌在快速减重期间降低了胃肠症状及肠道渗漏标志物;
  • 同时提升了 SIgA、减轻炎症,并促进了产丁酸菌群的增长;
  • 试验规模小(n=24),全为男性,且未报告任何竞技表现数据;
  • 由于摘要未列明具体菌株,结论仅适用于该类复合产品,而非所有益生菌;
  • 益生菌可以作为一种潜在的辅助手段,但绝不能取代科学、合理的减重计划与充足的营养补给。

对那些在减重过程中常被肠胃“偷走状态”的运动员而言,这是一种低风险、值得与运动营养专家讨论的可行策略。若后续能开展更大样本、包含表现数据并明确菌株成分的试验,结论的说服力将会大幅提升。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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