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A wide, landscape editorial photograph shot from slightly above, showing a rustic matte-white ceramic bowl of dried tribulus terrestris, spiky star-shaped seed pods in warm tan and khaki tones, with a few fresh green trailing vines and tiny yellow flowers draped beside it. The bowl sits at the left third of the frame on a pale ash-wood table. Scattered nearby are two identical sets of plain, unlabeled amber supplement capsules, one pile slightly apart from the other, hinting at a placebo comparison. To the right, slightly out of focus, a worn leather rugby ball rests next to a chalk-dusted steel barbell plate and a folded charcoal-gray athletic towel.

Soft diffused natural light streams in from a window on the left, creating gentle long shadows and a calm, clean atmosphere. The background is a muted sage-green and cream gradient with a shallow depth of field, leaving generous negative space on the right side for title overlay. A small, minimal notebook with a pencil and a simple balance scale made of brushed brass sits subtly in the midground, suggesting scientific scrutiny without any laboratory clutter.

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Science & Research

Tribulus Terrestris 在精英橄榄球运动员中的无效:5 周试验

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

Tribulus Terrestris 在精英橄榄球运动员中的无效:5 周试验

走进任何保健品货架,都能看到 Tribulus terrestris 夸口称能在 5–28 天 内实现大幅力量和肌肉增长。那么,当研究者把它投放到正在进行高强度赛季前训练的精英橄榄球联盟球员身上时,结果如何?

没有任何效果。 完全没有超出安慰剂的表现。

这项发表于 2007 年《Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research》的研究,至今仍是想买“天然睾酮助推剂”的人最好的现实检验。

声称:一个月内大幅增益

Tribulus terrestris 被包装为面向运动员和举重者的草本补剂。论文中写到,它被宣传可在 5–28 天 内实现显著的力量和瘦肌肉增长——对任何合法补剂来说都是极其夸张的承诺。

还有另一层说法:部分厂家宣称 Tribulus 不会导致药检阳性,甚至暗示它可能提升尿液中的睾酮/表睾酮(T/E)比值,使受检运动员面临风险。于是研究者同步检验了两个问题——它能否真的增肌增力,以及是否会触发兴奋剂警报。

研究设计

这是一项相当严谨的补剂试验:

  • 类型:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、配对对照试验
  • 受试者:22 名澳大利亚精英男子橄榄球联盟球员(平均年龄 19.8 ± 2.9 岁,平均体重 88.0 ± 9.5 kg)
  • 分组:11 人服用 Tribulus terrestris,11 人服用安慰剂
  • 剂量:每日 450 mg Tribulus 提取物(单次服用)
  • 时长:5 周
  • 训练:所有球员均参与俱乐部组织的高强度阻力训练,作为赛季前的准备

研究人员在补剂前后测量了 肌肉力量、身体组成(包括无脂体重) 以及 尿液 T/E 比值。

结果:大家都变强,Tribulus 并没有帮助

关键发现是:在这五周里,力量和无脂体重均显著提升,但两组提升幅度相同,Tribulus 组与安慰剂组之间没有任何差异。

换句话说,增益来源于沉重的训练,而不是胶囊。服用安慰剂的球员获得的收益和服用草本提取物的球员完全一样。作者因此得出结论:Tribulus terrestris 并未产生厂家宣称的、在 5–28 天 内即可实现的大幅力量或瘦肌肉增长。

这正是安慰剂对照为何必不可少的经典案例。没有安慰剂,对 Tribulus 组的进步可能就会被误认为产品有效。

兴奋剂问题:T/E 比值没有变化

第二个发现对经常接受检测的运动员尤为重要。两组的 尿液 T/E 比值 没有差异。作者因此认为,依据世卫组织(WADA)4:1 的 T/E 限值,Tribulus 不会让运动员面临检测阳性的风险。

这对合规性是个好消息,也间接支持了主要结论:如果补剂不改变 T/E 比值,它就不像真正的睾酮助推剂那样在这类人群中发挥作用。需要注意的是,本文并未探讨补剂掺杂的行业普遍风险,这属于另一个议题。

研究局限

好科学会坦诚说明自身不足:

  • 样本小:仅 22 位运动员,每组 11 人。小样本可能遗漏细微效应。
  • 单一剂量:只测试了 450 mg/天的单一提取物。其他剂量或配方未被评估。
  • 时长短:仅 5 周,虽覆盖了厂家宣称的效果窗口,但仍属短期。
  • 特定人群:年轻、精英、训练有素的男子橄榄球球员,且处于重度赛季前训练。结果可能不适用于年长者、女性或缺乏训练的人群。
  • 高强度训练背景:强大的训练刺激会掩盖潜在的微小补剂效应。

即便如此,厂家所宣传的是 “在数周内实现显著增益”,本研究并未发现任何此类迹象。

对你的启示

  • 剂量与时间安排:本研究使用每日 450 mg Tribulus 提取物,持续 5 周,结果显示与安慰剂无差别。文中没有任何剂量或使用时机能够被推荐用来获得效果。
  • 仍想尝试的人群:对 “天然睾酮助推剂” 标签感兴趣的朋友应明白,这项试验未提供力量或肌肉增长的证据。对接受检测的运动员而言,T/E 比值未变化可以稍作安慰,但这并不是购买的理由。
  • 应当放弃的人:如果你的目标是提升力量、肌肉或运动表现,建议直接放弃。尤其在预算有限、已经进行高强度训练并获得收益的情况下,更应如此。
  • 更值得投入的方向:把钱花在证据更充分的选项上:
    • 肌酸——提升力量、爆发力和瘦体重
    • 蛋白粉——帮助达成每日蛋白质摄入,以促进肌肉修复和增长
    • 系统化的阻力训练计划、充足睡眠以及足够的总热量摄入

正如本试验所示,持续的高强度训练才是真正的“硬件”。两组球员在没有任何草本提取物帮助的情况下,都变得更强、更具瘦体重。

结论

在这项针对 22 名精英橄榄球联盟球员的双盲试验中,每日 450 mg Tribulus terrestris 连续 5 周,未在力量、无脂体重或 T/E 比值上表现出任何优于安慰剂的优势。虽然仅测试了单一剂量且样本有限,但已足以让人对其夸大宣传保持怀疑。把预算留给已被证实有效的手段才是明智之选。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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