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Nutrition

豌豆蛋白 vs 乳清:新手结果出人意料

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

如果你是素食者、乳糖不耐受,或只是厌倦了奶制品导致的胀气,你可能会好奇:植物蛋白真的能帮助增肌吗?

一项为期 12 周、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的试验让 161 名男性把豌豆蛋白、乳清蛋白和安慰剂同台竞技。标题看起来惊人,但细节同样重要。

实际测试了什么

这项研究由 Babault 等人于 2015 年发表在 Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,属于随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验。共招募 161 名年龄在 18‑35 岁的男性,随机分为三组:

  • 豌豆蛋白(NUTRALYS 品牌),n = 53
  • 乳清蛋白,n = 54
  • 安慰剂,n = 54

所有受试者进行为期 12 周的上肢阻力训练。每人每天两次摄入 25 g 蛋白粉或安慰剂,约合每日 50 g。研究者使用超声仪测量二头肌厚度,并在基线、第 42 天和第 84 天使用等速动力计测量力量。

结果:所有人都有所增长,但组间差异不显著

整体来看,二头肌厚度从基线的 24.9 mm 增至中期的 26.9 mm,12 周结束时为 27.3 mm。时间效应极显著(P < 0.0001),说明训练有效。

组间差异仅表现为趋势(P = 0.09),未达统计学显著。力量同样随时间提升,但三组之间无显著差别。

因此,在全体样本中,不能说豌豆蛋白优于其他任何方案。标题略显保守,正因为如此,下面的细节才更值得关注。

新手的意外转折

研究者随后对“最弱”参与者做了敏感性分析,以起始力量作为划分依据,这相当于新手或久离训练者的典型人群。该子组中,各组差异显著(P < 0.05):

  • 豌豆蛋白: 二头肌厚度提升 +20.2%
  • 乳清蛋白: +15.6%
  • 安慰剂: +8.6%

豌豆组相较安慰剂的提升达到显著水平;乳清组居中,且与豌豆或安慰剂均无显著差异。也就是说,豌豆并没有“击败”乳清,只是它在对弱者的比较中首先跨过了统计学的门槛。

作者得出结论:豌豆蛋白在提升二头肌厚度方面优于安慰剂,尤其是对刚开始或重新入场的力量训练者。由于两种蛋白未显示差异,作者建议将豌豆蛋白视作乳清的可替代品。

你不能忽视的细节

  • 主要比较只是趋势。 全体组间差异(P = 0.09)未达显著。
  • 积极发现来源于子组。 敏感性分析能提供假设,但比主结果更容易受偶然影响。
  • 产业关联。 多位作者与生产 NUTRALYS 的 Roquette 有关联。虽不否定研究本身,且试验已注册(NCT02128516),但了解背景仍然重要。
  • 受试者范围窄。 全是年轻男性,只训练上半身的二头肌。结果不一定适用于女性、老年人或下肢训练。
  • 乳清没有赢也没有输。 乳清的 15.6% 增幅与豌豆或安慰剂均无显著差异,故本试验无法对两者进行排名。

综上所述,豌豆蛋白在训练强度足够且整体蛋白摄入达标的情况下,是一种可行的选择。但这并不等同于它在所有情境下都优于或等同于乳清。

实际建议

剂量:研究使用的是每日两次、每次 25 g 的补剂,约 50 g 蛋白。对多数健身者而言,这是一个合理且易达成的目标,当然也要兼顾食物中的总蛋白摄入。

摄入时机:论文并未把摄入时间设为变量。把蛋白分成两次摄入,其中一次安排在训练前后,是模仿研究的实用做法。12 周的持续性可能比精准的分钟更关键。

适用人群:豌豆蛋白非常适合素食者、乳糖不耐受或对奶制品敏感的人,也适合任何倾向于植物基产品的健身者。当前研究的最大信号来自新手或重返训练的人群——他们对任何合格的蛋白加上训练刺激的响应都比较快。

如何挑选豌豆蛋白

  • 查看每份的蛋白含量,理想在 20‑25 g 之间。
  • 选配料表简洁、填料少的产品。
  • 检查是否有第三方检测标识,如 NSF、Informed Choice,确保质量与无污染。
  • 记住研究只使用了特定品牌的分离蛋白,其他产品的加工方式和氨基酸谱可能有所不同。
  • 按每克蛋白的成本比较,而不是单纯看包装价格。

结论

这项针对 161 名男性的试验并没有给出“豌豆蛋白胜过乳清”的明确答案。整体来看,豌豆蛋白在配合训练时能支持肌肉增长;在最弱的子组中,它把二头肌厚度提升了 20.2%,而安慰剂仅为 8.6%。乳清的表现同样可观,数据并未显示两者有显著差距。若你需要避免乳制品,这项研究为使用豌豆蛋白提供了一个基于证据的合理理由,只要保持现实的期望并坚持训练即可。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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