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Science & Research

海藻岩藻糖胶在60岁以上人群中,12周提升握力

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

问题:力量衰退比大多数人预期的更快

老年性肌少症(sarcopenia)是老龄化社会中一种不太被关注的公共健康问题,它往往悄然发生。开瓶子更费力、爬楼梯像在爬坡、原本轻松的散步也变成负担。阻力训练仍是减缓肌少症的金标准,但并非每个人都能经常或高强度地举重。体弱、关节疼痛、慢性疾病以及缺乏训练场所等,都成为障碍。这正是研究者不断寻找能够帮助无法大量训练人群的补剂的原因。

近期发表在《Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics》上的一项随机对照试验检验了一个候选——从褐藻中提取的低分子量岩藻糖胶(fucoidan)。其在力量和功能方面的结果令人鼓舞,但对肌肉体积的影响则不够显著。

什么是低聚岩藻糖胶?

岩藻糖胶是褐藻中一种硫酸化多糖,因其多种生物活性而受到关注,其中包括潜在的肌肉支持作用。本试验使用的产品是“低聚”形式,即将其分解成约 15 kDa 的小片段。理论上,小分子更易被人体吸收。研究所用的品牌为 OliFuco,因此结论仅适用于该配方,不能直接推广到所有海藻或岩藻糖胶补剂。

试验设计

这是一项为期 12 周、双盲、安慰剂对照的随机试验,共招募了 60 名居住在社区的 60 岁及以上成年人,随机分为三组:

  • 仅服用低聚岩藻糖胶
  • 低聚岩藻糖胶 + 支链氨基酸(BCAAs)和维生素 D
  • 安慰剂

岩藻糖胶的剂量为每次 825 mg,每天两次,总计 1650 mg。研究者测量了以下指标:握力、腓肠肌围、四肢瘦体质量指数(DXA 类似的四肢肌肉质量指标)、五次起坐测试、六分钟步行测试(6MWT)以及等速膝伸展力量。二次摘要中提到,最终有 46 名参与者进入统计分析。文摘未提及任何运动干预,所以这些结果应视为日常生活中补剂的效应,而非新训练方案的成果。

主要发现:握力提升

低聚岩藻糖胶组的握力显著提升(p < 0.001,效应量 r = 0.82),其中 64.7% 的受试者达到了临床上最小的显著差异(即变化幅度足以在日常生活中产生实质影响)。Ergo‑Log 的二次报道给出的提升幅度约为 18–23%,但该数字来源于二手资料,非原始摘要。

握力不仅是炫技的把戏,它是老年人整体肌肉功能的常用快速指示指标,也是肌少症筛查的标准项目。因此,在仅 12 周内出现临床意义上的改善,具有相当价值。

步行表现同样有提升。6MWT 距离显著增加(p < 0.001),有 47.1% 的受试者超过了最小可检测变化阈值。对六项指标的多变量分析(MANOVA)显示整体组间差异显著,主要驱动力是岩藻糖胶组握力的提升。

让人意外的结果:没有肌肉增长,BCAAs + 维生素 D 也无额外收益

两点发现让人捉摸不透:

  1. 肌肉量未见显著变化。收益体现在力量和功能,而非瘦组织本身。这可能说明岩藻糖胶作用于肌肉质量、神经功能或其他机制,但本试验无法进一步阐明。唯一的质量相关信号出现在安慰剂组,其腓肠肌围出现下降(p = 0.012),而岩藻糖胶组基本保持不变。

  2. 添加支链氨基酸和维生素 D 并未超越单独使用岩藻糖胶的效果。许多复合补剂认为成分越多效果越好,但本研究并不支持这一假设。根据现有摘要,组合组并未表现出明确优势。

整个 12 周期间未报告任何不良事件。

需要严肃对待的局限性

  • 样本量小:仅 60 名受试者,三组分配。
  • 研究周期短:仅 12 周,无法判断效应是持续、平台期还是衰退。
  • 仅使用单一品牌、单一剂量的低分子量产品,不能推断其他岩藻糖胶补剂的效果相同。
  • 作者已呼吁进行长期效果及配方优化的进一步研究。小样本且效应量大的试验需要重复验证后方可视为定论。

实践要点

  • 适用人群:体力受限、难以进行高强度阻力训练的老年人。
  • 研究剂量:每天两次、每次 825 mg(共 1650 mg)低分子量低聚岩藻糖胶,持续 12 周。
  • 不期待增肌:可观的提升体现在握力和步行表现,而非肌肉体积。
  • 暂时无需加配方:本研究未发现 BCAAs + 维生素 D 带来额外收益。
  • 训练依旧是王道:作者再次强调阻力训练是金标准,能够举重的仍应坚持。岩藻糖胶若经验证,仅是可能的辅助手段,而非替代方案。
  • 咨询专业人士:有慢性疾病或正在服药的朋友,请在添加新补剂前咨询医护人员。

总结

该试验表明,一种特定的海藻来源低分子量岩藻糖胶在三个月内可提升老年人的握力和步行表现,且未出现不良反应。这为那些难以进行训练的人提供了一个有前景的非药物选项。但研究规模小、时间短且仅针对单一品牌产品,且未促进肌肉质量增长。因此,这更像是值得继续关注的线索,而非取代杠铃、阻力带或爬楼梯的方案。

来源: Chang et al. "The effects of Oligo‑Fucoidan on muscle function in community‑dwelling older adults: A double‑blind, randomized, placebo‑controlled trial." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2025.106055. PubMed: 41124892.

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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