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Warm amber light from a bedside lamp mixes with cool blue-gray twilight from a tall window with sheer curtains. The glow lands on the glass and gives the milky surface a soft sheen. Through the window, a muted city skyline fades into evening haze.

The palette is calm and sophisticated: warm cream, soft sage green, dusty blue, and a touch of terracotta from a small ceramic vase holding dried pampas grass. The composition follows the rule of thirds, with the glass and clock in the right third and open negative space on the left for headline text. Shallow depth of field keeps the glass and clock crisp while the background blurs gently.

The mood is quiet, slightly restless, and thoughtful, hinting at a night that does not go as planned. A subtle detail, a half-drawn curtain letting in a thin stripe of light across the rumpled sheets, suggests interrupted sleep. The look is clean, contemporary, and magazine-quality, with fine film grain, natural tones, and soft shadows, like a lifestyle wellness journal cover. No people, no text, no futuristic elements.
Recovery

让睡眠差的人更频繁醒来的“睡眠蛋白”

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

让睡眠差的人更频繁醒来的“睡眠蛋白”

摘要:α-乳清蛋白被宣传为“睡眠蛋白”,早期的急性研究暗示它可能帮助运动员入睡并提升表现。最新一项随机交叉试验在24名实际睡眠质量不佳的运动员身上进行验证。受试者连续一周、每晚在睡前两小时摄入40 克后,睡眠并未改善,夜间醒来次数略有增加(11.01 次 vs 10.25 次),垂直跳高度略有下降(27.68 cm vs 28.58 cm),唯一的正面效应是晚间负面情绪有所降低。下面将介绍实验设计、核心数据以及哪些人应当放弃这种补剂。


你一定见过这样的宣传:一种富含色氨酸的乳清分离物,睡前服用据称能帮助更快入睡、睡得更深,并在早晨保持最佳状态。这就是α-乳清蛋白(Alpha‑Lactalbumin,简称 ALAC),被包装成“睡眠蛋白”。2025 年《Nutrients》上发表的随机对照试验把它放在真正需要帮助的对象——睡眠质量差的运动员身上进行检验,结果并未如营销宣传般美好。

研究到底做了什么

本研究由 Barnard 等人(Barnard, Roberts, Lastella, Aisbett, Condo)主持,采用双盲、随机、交叉设计。每位受试者既服用 ALAC,也服用安慰剂,两种处理交叉进行,个人本身即为对照。

  • 受试对象:24 名经常训练且确实存在睡眠问题的运动员。其运动员睡眠筛查问卷(Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire)平均得分 8.6,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)平均 10.0。PSQI>5 通常被判定为睡眠质量差,说明他们不是“想睡得好一点”的轻度志愿者。
  • 剂量与时机:每日在睡前两小时摄入 40 克 ALAC(或等量安慰剂),连续 7 夜。
  • 监测环境:受试者在自行的居家环境中睡眠,使用腕式活动记录仪(actigraphy)进行客观监测,而非实验室多导睡眠监测(PSG)。
  • 表现测试:实验周期结束后,受试者依次完成 30 秒对抗式垂直跳、Yo‑Yo 间歇恢复测试 Level 1、以及简易反应时测试,所有项目均在标准化、受控的条件下进行。

该设计的意义在于,以往研究大多关注单次(急性)摄入 ALAC 对睡眠与表现的潜在益处,而本次试验则探讨日常生活中连续一周的 nightly 使用是否仍能产生类似效果。

结果如何:数据说话

最直观的结论是,这款被称作“睡眠蛋白”的补剂既没有改善睡眠,也没有提升运动表现,部分指标甚至出现轻微下降。

  • 夜间醒来次数增多:客观记录的夜间醒来次数从安慰剂期的 10.25 ± 5.28 次升至 ALAC 期的 11.01 ± 5.79 次(p = 0.031),相当于每晚多约 0.8 次醒来。
  • 垂直跳高度下降:对抗式垂直跳的平均高度从 28.58 ± 5.53 cm 降至 27.68 ± 5.14 cm(p = 0.037),约减少 0.9 cm。
  • 主观评估下降:受试者对当晚体能和精神状态的自评显著下降(p < 0.001)。
  • 唯一亮点:晚间负面情绪评分下降(p = 0.001),情绪改善是唯一的正向发现。

作者在摘要中指出,七天的 ALAC 补充对轻度至中度睡眠障碍的运动员并未提升睡眠质量或运动表现。跳高是唯一出现显著差异的表现指标,其他测试未显示差异。

为什么这击破了“睡眠蛋白”的神话

色氨酸的故事听起来很诱人:它是血清素和褪黑素的前体,而 ALAC 含有丰富的色氨酸,理论上摄入更多 ALAC 应该帮助入睡。然而,生化逻辑不等同于真实的人体实验结果。

早期的短期研究曾暗示 ALAC 有益,但当真正睡眠困难的人在家中每天晚上连续服用一周时,预期的好处并未出现。相反,客观指标出现了不利的趋势:醒来次数增多、垂直跳下降、主观表现下降。

需要提醒的是,这些差异虽达统计显著,但幅度非常小,称之为“稍微变差”并不等同于“有害”。但一款以改善睡眠为卖点的产品,至少不应让睡眠更加碎片化。

局限性:别急着全盘否定

在彻底否定 ALAC 之前,先看看本研究的局限性。

  • 样本量有限:仅 24 人,难以捕捉细微的正向或负向效应。显著的 p 值未必稳健,且摘要未说明是否对多重比较进行校正。
  • 睡眠问题仅为轻中度:作者建议后续研究可招募更重度的失眠者,可能会出现不同的反应。
  • 干预时长短:七天的干预期可能不足以观察需要累计的益处。
  • 缺乏睡眠结构数据:活动记录仪只能估算睡眠时长,无法区分深睡或 REM 阶段,任何对睡眠阶段的影响都未被捕捉。
  • 剂量偏大:40 克相当于一次性摄入的大份量,结果仅适用于该剂量与该时点,不能直接推广到小剂量或不同服用时间。
  • 情绪改善未伴随睡眠提升:负面情绪虽下降,但并未带来睡眠或表现的同步提升。

此后《Nutrition Journal》(2026)发表了对 ALAC 与其他膳食蛋白在睡前相互作用的追踪研究,暗示在不同搭配或剂量下仍可能存在探索空间。

如何使用这些信息

  • 实验使用的剂量与时机:40 克,睡前两小时,连续 7 夜。该方案在本研究人群中未产生睡眠或表现的提升。
  • 形态:ALAC 即富含色氨酸的乳清分离物,以粉剂形式提供,而非普通乳清或天然食物。
  • 可能想自行尝试的人:对补剂持开放态度且无安全顾虑的运动员,可将其视为低风险的个人实验。但若尝试,请自行记录睡眠和次日表现,勿盲目相信宣传标签。
  • 建议放弃的人:
    1. 正在因睡眠困难寻求解决方案的运动员——本研究针对的正是这类人群,却未见效。
    2. 次日有关键比赛或训练任务的选手——垂直跳略降暗示可能的轻微表现下降。
    3. 已经夜间频繁醒来的人——该补剂可能会略微增加醒来次数。

更广泛的教训是:长期睡眠问题更应通过基础措施解决——固定作息、良好睡眠环境、合理训练与咖啡因管理,或专业睡眠评估,而不是寄希望于单一粉剂。不要把改善睡眠的重任交给一罐粉。

结论

对睡眠质量受扰的运动员而言,连续一周每晚在睡前摄入 40 克 ALAC 并未提升睡眠或运动表现,反而略微增加了夜间醒来次数并降低了垂直跳高度,且主观评估下降。唯一的正向效应是负面情绪的减轻。虽然在其他人群或不同方案下仍可能有效,但对睡眠差的运动员来说,这项试验提供的证据不足以支持购买热潮。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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