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Nutrition

小苏打+冲刺:剂量在所有测试中均优于安慰剂

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

让冲刺训练更有效的厨房小玩意儿

冲刺间歇训练(SIT)本身已经是提升速度和重复冲刺能力的高效手段。最新的一项随机对照试验表明,一种廉价的粉末——碳酸氢钠(小苏打),可能为其再添一层收益,而且在合理范围内,剂量越高的效果越好。

这项由 王等人 发表在《International Society of Sports Nutrition Journal》(2026)的研究,将 两种剂量的碳酸氢钠 直接进行比较,受试者为进行四周 SIT 的篮球运动员。结论是:两种剂量均胜过安慰剂,且更高剂量在所有检测指标上均优于低剂量。

研究者到底干了什么

40 名接受过系统训练的男性篮球运动员(平均年龄 21.6 岁,身高 185 cm,体重 84 kg)被随机分成四组,每组 10 人:

  • SIT + 0.3 g/kg 碳酸氢钠
  • SIT + 0.45 g/kg 碳酸氢钠
  • SIT + 安慰剂
  • 对照组(不做 SIT)

实验在赛季准备期进行,为期四周。三组 SIT 在常规篮球训练之外,每周进行三次训练。每次训练包含四组,每组 10 次 5 秒全力冲刺,冲刺间隔 20 秒的主动恢复,组间休息 2 分钟。所有 40 名运动员均完成了训练,掉队率为 0%。

前后测试项目包括:

  • 反向蹲跳与立定跳远
  • 20 米冲刺
  • 伊利诺伊变向测试(敏捷)
  • Yo‑Yo 间歇恢复测试Ⅰ(重复冲刺耐力)
  • Wingate 测试的峰值功率和平均功率

结果,用通俗的话说

所有进行 SIT 的组别随时间都有所提升,且均显著优于对照组(对照组根本没有冲刺训练)。

关键比较是 碳酸氢钠组 vs. 安慰剂组。两组小苏打补剂在跳高、立定跳远、冲刺时间、敏捷、Yo‑Yo 距离、峰值功率和平均功率上均显著高于 SIT + 安慰剂(p < 0.05)。随后,0.45 g/kg 组在上述全部指标上又显著优于 0.3 g/kg 组。

这是一条清晰的剂量–反应曲线:安慰剂 → 0.3 g/kg → 0.45 g/kg,每提升一步收益都在增加。

小苏打为何能帮助冲刺训练?

摘要只报告了结果,没有阐明机制,这里提供的解释属于背景知识而非实验直接证明。碳酸氢钠是一种碱化剂,理论上可以提升身体对高强度重复运动中产生的酸性代谢产物的缓冲能力。如果运动员在每一次冲刺中能够保持更高质量,训练刺激就会更好,进而在数周后转化为更大的适应。这是合理的解释,但本研究并未测量血液中的缓冲水平,因而无法直接确认。

实际应用要点:剂量、时机、适用人群

按体重计算剂量。 用体重乘以相应的剂量即可:

  • 0.3 g/kg ≈ 25 g(针对 84 kg 运动员)
  • 0.45 g/kg ≈ 38 g(同上)

这相当于几勺小苏打——一平勺大约 4‑5 g。很多人会选择装胶囊服用,以避免一次性摄入大量粉末。

服用时机。 原文未说明相对于训练的具体时间安排。多数运动营养方案建议在训练前 2‑3 小时 摄入碳酸氢钠,复制前请务必查阅全文的具体方案。

适用对象。 证据仅限于受过训练的 年轻男性团队运动员,且在高强度冲刺间歇训练期间。若你是篮球、足球、冰球等项目在准备期进行重复冲刺训练,这一结论直接相关。对偶尔去健身房的群众、女性、老年人或采用不同训练计划的人群,尚缺乏依据说明会有同等效果。

胃肠问题,别掉以轻心

作者明确指出,高剂量需权衡胃部不适和个人耐受性,因为长期依从性至关重要。摘要未给出出现症状的具体人数,不能假设 0.45 g/kg 完全安全。

以下是运动营养师常用的、但本研究未检验的缓解策略:

  • 先在训练中尝试剂量,勿在比赛日首次服用
  • 将总量分成若干小份
  • 与含碳水化合物的餐食和足量液体一起摄入
  • 可考虑使用胶囊而非粉末溶于水
  • 先从低剂量开始,仅在耐受后逐步提升

由于碳酸氢钠额外提供钠离子,血压、肾脏或其他健康问题的个体应先咨询医生。

诚实的局限性

  • 样本量小。 每组仅 10 人,结果在更大规模研究中可能会变化。
  • 周期短。 四周不足以反映长期效应或收益是否会出现平台期。
  • 仅限男性。 所有受试者都是受训男性。
  • 对照组不是核心比较。 SIT 优于不做 SIT 是预期,真正核心是小苏打 vs. 安慰剂以及高剂量 vs. 低剂量的比较。
  • 摘要未给出效应大小。 统计显著并不等同于实际意义,若有人夸大为“翻倍”,则超出数据支持范围。
  • 耐受性权衡。 效果最佳的剂量往往也是胃肠负担最大的。

结论

在本试验中,四周冲刺间歇训练配合碳酸氢钠补剂能够在跳跃、冲刺、敏捷、重复冲刺耐力以及无氧功率等方面带来更大提升,而 0.45 g/kg 的剂量在所有指标上均优于 0.3 g/kg。它是一种廉价且诱人的团队运动员增益手段,但必须通过慎重的剂量测试并做好胃部应对方案后再使用。

来源:Wang et al. Dose‑dependent effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation combined with sprint interval training on performance adaptations in basketball players: a randomized placebo‑controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2026.2735090 | PubMed

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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