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In the foreground, slightly out of focus, a few gel sachets and a bike bottle rest on a weathered stone wall at the left edge of the frame, adding editorial depth. Fine dust and sunlight glow in the air. The palette is warm and restrained: butter yellow, soft peach, sage, and slate blue, with gentle film-like grain. The composition leaves open negative space in the upper right, a pale gradient sky, for headline overlay. The overall look is a modern, minimalist sports-science magazine photograph: natural, premium, and clean, with realistic textures, cinematic but understated color grading, and no text, logos, or graphics.
Nutrition

中途补充碳酸氢盐凝胶在3小时骑行测试中提升12瓦

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

背景

大家都知道,在高强度运动前服用小苏打(碳酸氢钠)缓冲剂可以提升短时间的表现。但很少有人研究在长时间骑行中摄入它会产生什么效果。最近,一项针对受训自行车手的随机交叉试验正是对此进行探讨,并得到颇具吸引力的结果:在三小时骑行后,12 分钟计时赛功率提升约 12 瓦。唯一的遗憾是冲刺和 2 分钟全力测试未见提升,且样本量非常有限。

研究对象

  • 受试者:11 名受训自行车手(非动物或体外实验)
  • 刊登期刊:Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports(Norte 等,2026)
  • 创新点:首次在运动过程中使用碳酸氢盐,并将其与碳水一起封装在新型凝胶中进行测试。

试验设计

  1. 基线测评:受试者在未疲劳状态下完成三次 6 秒冲刺、一次 2 分钟计时赛(TT)以及一次 12 分钟计时赛,以绘制功率‑时间曲线。
  2. 两次实验骑行:每次骑行 3 小时,强度为呼吸商阈值(VT)95%,同时以 80 g/h 的速度摄入碳水。
  3. 两种喂养方案:
    • 仅碳水(CHO)
    • 碳水 + 碳酸氢盐(CHO+BI),总计 18 g 碳酸氢钠 + 2 g 碳酸氢钾
  4. 疲劳后测评:3 小时骑行结束后,重复基线的功率测试。

关键结果

项目 CHO+BI 相对 CHO 的变化 统计显著性 效应量 (Hedges' g)
12 分钟计时赛 +12 W p = 0.01 1.07(大效应)
6 秒冲刺 +12 W p = 1.00 0.18(微效应)
2 分钟计时赛 +6 W p = 0.888 0.32(小效应)

唯一达到统计显著的提升出现在 12 分钟持续功率,表明碳酸氢盐对接近阈值的中等时长努力可能有帮助。冲刺虽出现同等数值的提升,但变异大且效应量极小,不能视为真实增益。

胃肠耐受性

胃肠不适是许多人不愿尝试碳酸氢盐的主要顾虑。本研究中,两种喂养方案的胃肠症状没有差异,作者形容不适感“极低”。将碳酸氢盐封装在含碳水的凝胶里,并在整个骑行期间分散摄入,似乎提升了胃肠耐受性。

对长距离赛制的启示

对铁人三项、Gran Fondo 或其他超长公路赛而言,关键往往出现在后半程——体力消耗殆尽、需要保持高功率的时段。此研究提示,在骑行过程中持续提供碳酸氢盐缓冲,而非仅赛前一次性服用,可能帮助减缓功率衰减。但仅凭一次 12 分钟的测试尚不足以证明一种真正的耐久机制。

实用建议

  • 剂量:在 3 小时骑行中总计摄入 18 g 碳酸氢钠 + 2 g 碳酸氢钾,配合每小时 80 g 碳水凝胶。若均匀分配,大约是每小时 6 g 碳酸氢钠(约含钠 5 g)。
  • 摄入时机:将其作为喂养计划的一部分,在运动期间分次摄入,而非赛前一次性冲剂。文中未细化具体间隔,只描述为“贯穿 3 小时”。
  • 适合人群:
    • 已经采用高碳水喂养的受训自行车手、铁人三项运动员及其他超长赛手
    • 赛事后期仍需保持 10‑15 分钟硬拼的选手
    • 愿意在训练中先行试验的运动员
  • 需要谨慎或避免:
    • 有高血压、肾脏或心脏疾病且需限制钠摄入者(请先咨询医生)
    • 有胃肠不适史且未在训练中尝试过碳酸氢盐方案的骑手
    • 主要以冲刺或短时间全力项目为主的选手(本研究冲刺和 2 分钟未见明显收益)
    • 期待“灵丹妙药”的人——本研究规模小,结论仍需进一步验证。

研究局限性

  1. 样本量小:仅 11 名受训自行车手,缺乏性别、水平的多样性,需要在更大、更多元的群体中重复验证。
  2. 效应局限:提升仅出现在 12 分钟计时赛,冲刺及 2 分钟全力测试未见显著改善。
  3. 单一实验设定:3 小时、VT95% 强度、80 g/h 碳水的方案不一定等同于真实比赛情境。
  4. 产品来源:营养产品由 MNSTRY 提供,血液分析仪由 Siemens Healthineers 提供。作者声明两家公司未参与研究设计、数据收集、分析、解释或发表决定。文中有一位作者隶属于 Precision Fuel & Hydration。
  5. 实验环境 vs 赛场:受控实验室骑行后的功率测试与真实赛场的复杂变量不可直接等同。

结论

这是首次系统评估运动中摄入碳酸氢盐对长时间骑行的影响。结果显示,在 3 小时骑行后进行的 12 分钟计时赛功率提升约 12 W,且未出现额外的胃肠不适。该发现具有潜在价值,但受样本量、效应范围及实验设定的限制,只能作为后续研究的依据,也可供耐力运动员在专业指导下尝试。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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