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Recovery

Ashwagandha + Rhodiola 有效,晚间睡眠堆叠无效

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

Ashwagandha + Rhodiola 有效,晚间睡眠堆叠无效

摘要:一项全新的四臂随机对照试验给补剂堆叠爱好者来了记出其不意的“曲球”。在 103 位健康、活跃的成年人中,早晨摄入 600 mg Ashwagandha 与 300 mg Rhodiola rosea 的组合,与感知压力下降、睡眠质量提升以及情绪改善相关。而备受推崇的晚间睡眠堆叠(镁 L‑酒石酸盐、L‑茶氨酸和黄酮)并未带来额外好处,甚至两者同时使用时在正面情绪测量上出现负面趋势。下面将介绍研究发现、需要慎重对待的原因(仅两周、样本量小),以及对健身者的实际使用建议。


研究亮点

在这项四臂试验中,真正产生显著改变的竟然是早晨那套配方:Ashwagandha + Rhodiola rosea。相反,流行的晚间睡眠堆叠(镁 L‑酒石酸盐、L‑茶氨酸和黄酮)虽广受追捧,却未在本研究中显示任何额外收益。两套配方同时使用时,正面情绪指标甚至出现下降。

如果你正在进行举重、跑步或其他高强度训练,同时还要应付工作压力和不规律的睡眠,这项研究值得细细品味。

研究方法

南卡罗来纳大学(University of South Carolina)及其合作团队在《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》(2026)上发表了一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床试验。招募对象为 103 名健康且身体活跃的成年人(53 名女性,平均年龄 34.8 岁),随机分为四组:

  • 仅上午组 (n = 26):早晨服用 600 mg Ashwagandha + 300 mg Rhodiola rosea,晚上服用安慰剂。
  • 仅晚上组 (n = 25):早晨服用安慰剂,晚上服用 2 g 镁 L‑酒石酸盐(提供 145 mg 镁)、200 mg L‑茶氨酸和 50 mg 黄酮。
  • 上午 + 晚上组 (n = 25):同时使用两套活性配方。
  • 安慰剂组 (n = 27):早晚均服用安慰剂。

整个研究为期四周:第一周为基线观察,随后 两周的补剂干预,最后一周为洗脱期。参与者每天填写压力问卷,并每周完成一次 PROMIS 调查,涵盖感知压力、情感状态和睡眠质量。基线和洗脱期还完成了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI),且佩戴式设备每晚记录客观睡眠数据。

主要发现

早晨适应原组的表现最为突出。论文报告的关键数据如下:

  • 每周感知压力下降(上午组,p = 0.034;η² = 0.020),但每日压力未见显著差异。
  • 与睡眠相关的功能受损减轻(上午组,p = 0.032;d = 2.74)。
  • 客观睡后觉醒时间缩短(上午组,p = 0.047;η² = 0.020),基于佩戴设备记录。
  • PSQI 睡眠质量提升(上午组相较于上午 + 晚上组,平均差 = 0.66 AU,p < 0.001,d = 1.45)。
  • 正面情绪提升(上午组在停用期结束时显著上升,p = 0.003;d = 1.68),而上午 + 晚上组则出现下降(p = 0.009;d = 0.16)。

作者的结论是:在 14 天的干预后,早晨服用 Ashwagandha + Rhodiola 与安慰剂相比,可显著改善主观压力、睡眠质量以及正面情绪。

晚间睡眠堆叠单独使用或与上午配方叠加均未在上述关键结果中显示任何益处。对那些投入大量金钱打造“夜间补剂仪式”的人来说,这无疑是个尴尬的发现。

为什么两套组合未出现叠加效应

原文摘要未给出机制解释,以下仅为可能的原因:

  1. 受试者本已健康、活跃,相关生理通路接近最佳状态,提升空间有限。
  2. “多配方多好”并不一定成立。数据表明,一切皆可堆叠的策略并不优于单一的早晨适应原,且在正面情绪上甚至出现负面趋势。

研究局限

在重新摆放补剂架之前,请留意以下几点局限:

  • 干预时间短:仅两周的补剂摄入。
  • 受试者健康:均为身体活跃、无显著压力或睡眠障碍的成人。作者指出,健康人群在短期内的提升空间受限,导致多数指标变化微弱。
  • 样本量小:每组约 25 人,且检验指标众多。
  • 统计显著性边缘:多个关键 p 值仅略低于 0.05(如 0.032、0.034、0.047),η² 为 0.020,属于小效应。
  • 效应量不一致:Cohen d 范围从 0.16 到 2.74,最高值在补剂研究中异常偏大,需谨慎解读。
  • 正面情绪的异常:该提升出现在停用期(洗脱期)末,而非补剂使用期间。

作者也呼吁开展更长期的干预,并在压力或睡眠质量本就偏低的人群中重复实验。

实际使用建议

  • 剂量:每日 600 mg Ashwagandha + 300 mg Rhodiola rosea(本研究即使用该剂量)。
  • 服用时间:早晨——这是本实验唯一显示效益的时间点,且该配方不建议在夜间服用。
  • 使用时长:本研究仅验证了 14 天的效果,尚无更长期使用的证据。
  • 产品形态:摘要未说明提取物的来源或标准化程度。选购时请挑选标明提取物来源及标准化比例的产品,并确保剂量与研究相符。
  • 适用人群:健康、身体活跃且感受到压力、希望提升睡眠质量和情绪的成年人——正是本试验的受试者。
  • 需谨慎或先咨询:孕妇、哺乳期女性、甲状腺/肝脏/自身免疫疾病患者、正在使用镇静剂、抗抑郁药或其他处方药者,或已有确诊的睡眠障碍者,请在使用前咨询专业医师。该研究未针对上述人群进行测试。

对健身者的结论

这项试验并不等于证明早晨堆叠是灵药,也不等于否定镁 L‑酒石酸盐、L‑茶氨酸或黄酮的价值。它表明,在 103 名健康、活跃的成年人中,短短两周的简易早晨 Ashwagandha + Rhodiola 方案产生了最一致的积极信号,而额外叠加晚间睡眠堆叠则没有任何增益,甚至在正面情绪上表现更差。想要购买更多补剂的冲动或许可以收敛一点——更精简的方案同样有效。毕竟,睡眠卫生、训练负荷和恢复策略才是真正的“主力军”。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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