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A wide editorial still life on a pale, warm-toned concrete surface in soft morning window light. In the center-left, a shallow matte ceramic bowl holds a small pile of bright red coffee cherries with glossy skins, a few sliced open to reveal pale mucilage and paired green-tan beans. Beside it, a small glass dish of fine, golden-brown powdered extract with a tiny wooden scoop resting on its edge. A sprig of coffee plant leaves, deep green and waxy, arcs across the foreground.

On the right side, slightly out of focus, a sleek road cyclist's handlebar and a matte black water bottle lean against a light plaster wall, suggesting athletic training without showing a person. A minimalist analog stopwatch with a clean white face and thin black hands sits in the mid-ground, angled toward the camera, its hands paused near the fifteen-minute mark. A folded linen cloth in oatmeal beige and a single small espresso cup with a thin crema ring add quiet texture.

The color palette is restrained and modern: cherry red, sage green, cream, soft terracotta, and charcoal accents. Light comes from the left, casting long, gentle shadows with a subtle warm glow and a hint of dust in the air. Shallow depth of field with crisp focus on the cherries and stopwatch, creamy bokeh in the background. Composition leaves open negative space in the upper right for a headline overlay. The overall feel is a clean, trendy health-and-science magazine cover: tactile, natural, minimal, and calm, shot in a 16:9 landscape frame with fine film-like grain and true-to-life tones.
Nutrition

咖啡樱桃提取物:200 mg 咖啡因提升骑行功率 4.6%

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

摄入 200 mg 咖啡因的全咖啡果提取物,使受训骑手在高强度的 15 分钟骑行中完成了更多功率输出;但该提取物并未加速肌肉糖原的再合成。该结论来源于《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2026 年发表的随机交叉试验,对关注“超级水果”前摄或听说咖啡樱桃能帮助补糖的读者都有参考价值。

那么,咖啡樱桃提取物到底是什么?

咖啡“豆”实际上是咖啡果实的种子。围绕种子的肉质部分——咖啡樱桃——在传统加工时往往被丢弃。本次测试使用的提取物来自完整的 Coffea arabica 樱桃,浓缩了咖啡因和多酚(包括绿原酸)。每剂提供 200 mg 咖啡因 与 15 mg 多酚。

在运动营养标准中,这一咖啡因剂量属于相对低水平。研究者想弄清楚一种富含多种活性化合物的全果产品,是否能同时实现两件事:提升表现并加快肌肉糖原的再合成。

研究是如何进行的

  • 设计:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉试验
  • 受试者:12 名受训骑手(11 男、1 女),最大摄氧量 (V̇O2max) 为 55 ± 2 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹
  • 运动测试 1:在功率自行车功率计上骑行 30 分钟(约 79% V̇O2max),随后进行 15 分钟计时赛(TT1)
  • 恢复:第二次补剂与 1 g/kg 体重的碳水化合物同步摄入,次日进行第二次计时赛(TT2)
  • 测量项目:全程抽血;TT1 结束后立即取肌肉活检(0 h),并在 4 h 与 24 h 再次取样

由于每位骑手在两次测试中分别服用提取物和安慰剂,形成了自我对照,这在样本量极小的研究中是重要优势。

主要结果:功率提升,主观用力感下降

血液检测证实补剂已被吸收。运动与恢复期间,提取物组血浆咖啡因与绿原酸水平显著高于安慰剂组(p < 0.001)。

  • 功率输出:在 15 分钟计时赛中,使用咖啡樱桃提取物的骑手平均功率 提升 4.6% ± 1.5%(3.14 ± 0.15 kJ·kg⁻¹ vs 3.02 ± 0.17 kJ·kg⁻¹)。效应量 Hedge's g = 0.8(95% CI 0.2–1.4),属于大效应;但置信区间较宽,说明仅 12 人的样本带来不确定性。差异统计显著(p < 0.05)。
  • 主观用力感:相同功率下,RPE(评分感知用力)显著降低,骑手感觉更轻松。
  • 燃料利用:呼吸商(RER)无显著差异,说明补剂未改变能量底物的使用比例。

破解误区:未提升糖原再合成

假设的另一部分未获支持。两组在恢复期间的肌肉糖原均显著上升——这是摄入碳水化合物后的正常反应。具体数值如下:

  • 0–4 h:安慰剂组糖原增加 64 ± 13 mmol·kg⁻¹·dw,提取物组为 44 ± 10 mmol·kg⁻¹·dw;
  • 4–24 h:分别为 53 ± 8 与 45 ± 10 mmol·kg⁻¹·dw。

作者将两组的增长描述为“相似”,并未发现提取物对糖原再合成有任何额外促进作用。实验使用的 1 g/kg 碳水化合物剂量本身已经足以驱动糖原合成,咖啡樱桃提取物未提供可检测的额外益处。摘要亦未报告次日(TT2)的表现数据,故无法判断其对第二天成绩的影响。

为什么需要谨慎?

  • 样本极小:仅 12 位骑手,其中女性仅 1 人,外推性受限。
  • 缺少纯咖啡因对照:未设 200 mg 纯咖啡因组,无法分辨效益来自咖啡因、酚类还是两者协同。
  • 单一产品、单一剂量:结论仅适用于本次使用的特定提取物,不能推广到所有咖啡樱桃产品。
  • 行业资助:研究经 FutureCeuticals 资助,且有三位作者为其员工。虽然埃克塞特大学作者声明在数据解释与稿件决定上保持独立,且试验已预注册(NCT05404841),但资助来源仍值得关注。
  • 短时高强度测试:15 分钟计时赛并不等同于数小时的比赛或力量训练需求。

实际建议

  • 剂量:本研究使用的是 200 mg 咖啡因 + 15 mg 多酚,约相当于两杯普通冲泡咖啡的咖啡因含量(具体取决于冲泡浓度)。
  • 时机:补剂在运动前摄入。摘要未说明具体提前多久,实际使用时请遵循产品标签并结合个人对咖啡因的耐受性进行调整。
  • 适合人群:需要在较低咖啡因剂量下寻求表现提升的耐力训练者,或偏好全果形式而非传统咖啡因片的人。可在训练日尝试,但不建议在关键比赛首次使用。
  • 不建议使用的人(通用指南):对咖啡因敏感、易焦虑或失眠、心律不齐或高血压、孕妇以及晚上训练的运动员应慎用或先咨询医生。
  • 它不能做到的:不应期待它能加速糖原再补给。若目标是快速恢复肌肉燃料,碳水化合物仍是关键,本研究未发现提取物能提供额外帮助。

结论

在这项小规模、设计严谨的交叉试验中,低剂量咖啡因的全咖啡果提取物让骑行计时赛的功率输出提升约 4.6%,且稳态骑行时主观用力感下降。但“帮助补糖”的说法未获支持。仍需更大样本、设有纯咖啡因对照的后续研究,才能确认咖啡樱桃是否具备超出普通咖啡因的额外效益。

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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