ZMA built its reputation on bold testosterone claims, a link to the BALCO scandal, and an early football study that seemed to show big gains. Then researchers put it to a tighter test: 42 resistance-trained men, double-blind, eight weeks of standardized training. Serum zinc rose 11-17%, but not significantly, and hormones, strength, body composition, endurance and anaerobic power were no different from placebo. Here's what the study did and didn't show, why deficiency is a separate question, and what lifters should do instead.
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