Casein Before Bed Won't Wreck Your Sleep, WHOOP Data Shows
Does a 40 g casein shake before bed secretly sabotage your sleep? A randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 21 NCAA Division I female athletes tracked sleep with WHOOP 4.0 bands and found no hit to sleep time, efficiency, resting heart rate or HRV. Alpha-lactalbumin and carbohydrate performed the same. But there's a twist: none of them improved sleep either. Here's what the data show, where the study falls short, and who should still skip the late-night shake.
Baking Soda Beat Sodium Citrate and the Combo by 17 Seconds
Everyone assumes that stacking buffers beats taking just one. In a crossover trial of ten highly trained female CrossFit athletes, sodium bicarbonate cut 6-km time trial time by 21.5 seconds versus placebo, while sodium citrate and the combo weren't clearly better than placebo. Bicarbonate also beat citrate by 11.6 seconds and the combination by 17.2 seconds. The catch was more pre-exercise stomach discomfort. Here is what the study found, why the stack flopped, and how to trial it safely.