A 2023 crossover trial found that pairing 5 g of arginine with Astragalus and Panax notoginseng saponins raised arginine absorption by 17.3% and lifted the arginine-to-ADMA ratio by 167.1%. Urinary nitrate and cGMP, two nitric oxide markers, also rose. But only 24 people were analysed after six were excluded for large individual differences, and nobody measured workout performance. Here's what the data show, what they don't, and who should think twice.
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