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大自然的自愈方案:2.15亿公顷热带土地可自行恢复森林

Dr. Gymbro · · 1 min read

大自然的自愈方案:2.15 亿公顷热带土地可自行恢复森林

一项突破性研究发表在《Nature》上,指出全球热带地区相当于墨西哥面积的 2.15 亿公顷 土地具备自然再生森林的潜力。这一发现为昂贵的植树计划提供了一条更具成本效益的替代路径,同时还能在大规模恢复生物多样性的同时锁定巨量碳汇。

自然恢复的力量

该研究由 Renato Crouzeilles 等跨国科研团队主导,分析了 2000‑2016 年的森林变化,并构建了高分辨率模型,预测热带森林的自然再生潜力。研究团队利用 30 米分辨率 的卫星影像,绘制出已被砍伐但仍保有适宜再生环境的地区。

研究人员指出:“自然再生 不仅成本更低,而且往往能形成更具多样性的森林。”这挑战了传统观念——即只有通过积极植树才能实现森林恢复。

巨大的碳汇潜力

研究估算,这些自然恢复的森林在 30 年 内可吸收约 23.4 吉吨 碳,范围为 21.1‑25.7 吉吨。换算下来,这相当于实现全球气候目标所需碳减排的显著比例,主要通过树木生长并积累在地上生物量中实现。

五个国家掌握半壁江山

巴西、印度尼西亚、中国、墨西哥和哥伦比亚 这五国合计占自然恢复潜力的 52 %。这表明在这些国家开展有针对性的保护与恢复工作至关重要。

巴西位居榜首并不令人惊讶——其广袤的亚马逊雨林和大西洋森林曾遭受大规模砍伐。紧随其后的是印尼,热带岛屿为森林再生提供了丰厚的空间。

政策启示与全球影响

这些发现对国际气候政策和保护战略具有深远意义。与其把大量资金投入昂贵的植树项目,不如通过识别并保护具备自然再生条件的土地,让森林自行恢复。

研究为实现《巴黎协定》以及联合国可持续发展目标所设定的国家和全球环保承诺提供了路线图。充分利用自然再生潜力,既能更高效地达成恢复目标,又能提升生物多样性成果。

30 米分辨率的地图 还能帮助决策者在地方层面精准定位最有可能成功的再生区块。这种细致入微的做法有望彻底改变我们对森林修复和碳汇策略的思考方式。

Original study

Read the original research on nature.com →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

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Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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