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Science & Research

Kofein i sagorevanje masnoća: Zašto 3 mg/kg nadmašuje mega‑dozu od 9 mg/kg

Dr. Gymbro · · 3 min read

Kofein i sagorevanje masnoća: Zašto 3 mg/kg nadmašuje mega‑dozu od 9 mg/kg

Mislite li da jači „udar“ kofeina znači veće sagorevanje masti? Jedno malo randomizovano ispitivanje otkriva suprotno: najveća doza je dala najmanji efekat na oksidaciju masti, a najmanja doza koja je radila bila je ona koja je najviše štedela srce.

Ispitivanje u 30 sekundi

Istraživači pod vođstvom Gong‑a, objavili u Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, ispitali su učinke kofeina na maloj grupi gojaznih ili prekomerno težih, sedentarnim studentkinjama. Jedanaest učesnica (prosečna starost 20,2 godine, BMI 26,36 kg/m²) odradile su po četiri sesije: placebo (celuloza) ili kofein od 3 mg, 5 mg ili 9 mg po kilogramu telesne mase (PubMed 42120324).

Svaka sesija je počinjala 60 minutnim odmorom, zatim je sledilo 40 minuta hodanja na traci pri intenzitetu FAT‑max – onom na kojem telo najviše sagoreva mast. Indirektna kalorimetrija je pratila potrošnju goriva, a merili su i krvni pritisak, otkucaje srca i periferni indeks perfuzije prsta (PI) kao pokazatelje kardiovaskularnog odgovora.

Glavni zaključak: Više nije uvek bolje

Doze od 3 mg/kg i 5 mg/kg povećale su oksidaciju masti u odnosu na placebo (p < 0,05). Doza od 9 mg/kg nije donela nikakav dodatni metabolički benefit.

Oksidacija ugljenih hidrata pratila je sličan trend – bila je niža pri 5 mg/kg nego kod placeba, a i 3 mg/kg je smanjilo udio ugljenih u odnosu na 9 mg/kg. Ukratko, umerene doze su preusmerile gorivo ka mastima, dok najviša doza nije.

Kofein nije menjao srčani puls u mirovanju niti baznu oksidaciju supstrata. Efekat sagorevanja masti pojavio se tijekom vežbe, a ne u periodu mirovanja.

Zamka: Srce je primetilo

Kardiovaskularni podaci menjaju priču:

  • 3 mg/kg: bez značajnih promena u otkucajima srca i krvnom pritisku tokom vežbe.
  • 5 mg/kg: značajno viši otkucaji srca i krvni pritisak tokom vežbe.
  • 9 mg/kg: takođe značajno viši otkucaji srca i pritisak.
  • Sve doze kofeina: PI je opao (p < 0,05). PI je pokazatelj perifernog protoka u prstu.

Autori su zaključili da 3 mg/kg nudi najbolju ravnotežu između stimulacije oksidacije masti i minimalnog kardiovaskularnog opterećenja kod ove populacije. Doza od 5 mg/kg takođe povećava oksidaciju masti, ali po cenu dodatnog kardiovaskularnog stresa.

Praktični zaključci

Doza. Testirana „slatka tačka“ bila je 3 mg/kg. Na primer, osoba od 70 kg dobila bi oko 210 mg kofeina. Doza od 5 mg/kg iznosi otprilike 350 mg, a od 9 mg/kg oko 630 mg. To je jednostavna aritmetika, a ne numerički kod iz teksta.

Vreme. U protokolu su učesnice odmarale 60 minuta nakon uzimanja kapsule, a zatim hodale 40 minuta. To je jedino vreme koje podaci podržavaju. Sažetak ne navodi da li su učesnice bile na prazan stomak, pa se „fasted cardio“ ne može tvrditi na osnovu ove studije.

Intenzitet. Vežba je bila hodanje pri FAT‑max intenzitetu – zona umjerenog intenziteta. Rezultati se ne smeju primenjivati na teške intervale ili dugotrajne izdržljive sesije.

Ko bi mogao da koristi rezultate. Nalazi važe za sedentarne, prekomerno težke ili gojazne mlade žene koje izvode akutnu, niskointenzivnu vežbu. To je grupa koja je testirana.

Ko bi trebao biti oprezan. Sažetak ne obuhvata osobe sa srčanim problemima ili hipertenzijom. Pošto su doze od 5 mg/kg i 9 mg/kg podigle otkucaje i pritisak, svako ko ima osetljivost na kofein, hipertenziju ili srčane bolesti treba da se konsultuje sa lekarom pre eksperimentisanja. Izbegavanje viših doza je razuman zaključak za sve.

Realnost: Šta ova studija ne može da kaže

Radi se o veoma malom ispitivanju. Jedanaest učesnica nije dovoljno da se tvrdi da rezultati važe za sve populacije, a podaci dolaze iz jedine grupe mladih žena. Muškarci, sportisti, stariji adulti i osobe koje redovno konzumiraju kofein nisu uključeni, a sažetak ne pominje njihove navike.

Studija je takođe akuta – merila je jedinstvenu sesiju, ne višenedeljni program treninga. Veća oksidacija masti tokom 40‑minutnog hodanja ne znači da će se tokom vremena izgubiti više telesne masti; potrošnja goriva tokom vežbe nije jednaka konačnom gubitku masnoće.

Pad PI kod svih doza kofeina vredi napomenuti, ali sažetak ne objašnjava njegovo kliničko značenje. Može se posmatrati kao signal da kofein ima merljive vaskularne efekte, ali ne nužno kao dokaz štete.

Zaključak

U ovom malom randomizovanom ispitivanju, 3 mg/kg kofeina poboljšalo je oksidaciju masti u odnosu na placebo, a da nije podiglo otkucaje srca i krvni pritisak kao veće doze. Doza od 9 mg/kg nije donela metaboličku korist. Studija podržava upotrebu umerenih, doza‑zasnovanih na telesnoj težini strategija, dok ostavlja otvorena pitanja o dugoročnim rezultatima i drugim populacijama.

Izvor: Gong et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2026.2670558.

Original study

Read the original research on pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →

This article summarizes published research for general information. It is not medical advice.

DG

Written by

Dr. Gymbro

Dr. Gymbro writes for Dr. Gymbro: science-backed fitness, nutrition & performance.

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